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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' understanding and ability to draw on relational affordances, as well as learning-internal factors, were significant. For instance the RIs from TS and ZL both have cited their relationships with their local professors as an important factor in their pragmatic choice to not criticize an uncompromising professor (see example 2). This article reviews all locally published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The test for discourse completion is a commonly used tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also some disadvantages. The DCT, for example, is unable to account for cultural and individual variations. Furthermore the DCT is susceptible to bias and can result in overgeneralizations. Therefore, it should be analyzed carefully before using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations the DCT is a valuable tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. The ability of the DCT in two or more stages to manipulate social variables related to politeness could be a benefit. This can assist researchers study the role of prosody in communicating across cultural contexts, a major challenge in cross-cultural pragmatics. In the field of linguistics DCT is among the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to study various issues that include the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical choices. It can be used to determine the phonological complexity of learners speaking. A recent study employed a DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the most appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures, including a questionnaire and video recordings. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT should be employed with caution. 프라그마틱 슬롯체험 recommended using other data collection methods. DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, such as content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of the test creators. They may not be precise and could misrepresent the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for further studies of different methods to assess refusal competence. In a recent research study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with the responses from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and utilized more hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study explored Chinese learners' choices in their use of Korean using a variety of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). The participants were 46 CLKs of upper intermediate level who answered DCTs, MQs, and RIs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal responses in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four major factors such as their personalities, multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relationship benefits. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. First, the MQ data were examined to determine the participants' rational choices. The data was categorized according Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their choices with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. Interviewees also had to explain the reasons for choosing a pragmatic behavior in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as “sorry” and “thank you.” This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which led to a lack of understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. In Situations 3 and 12 CLKs favored diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms. The RIs showed that CLKs knew about their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis within two days of participants having completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders, were then coded. The coding process was iterative by the coders, re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then contrasted with the original RI transcripts, which provided an indication of how well the RIs captured the underlying pragmatic behavior. Interviews for refusal The most important problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research attempted to answer this question using various experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs either in their L1 or their L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were required to think about and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did so even though they could create native-like patterns. They were also aware of their pragmatism resistance. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors like their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, such as relationships and affordances. For instance, they discussed how their relationships with professors helped facilitate an easier performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university. However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties they could face if they flouted their local social norms. They were concerned that their native friends would perceive them as “foreigners” and think they are unintelligent. This was a concern similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reconsider the usefulness of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural contexts on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of L2 students. Furthermore this will allow educators to develop more effective methodologies to teach and test the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting. Case Studies The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes intensive, participant-centered research to explore a particular subject. This method uses multiple data sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents to support its findings. This type of investigation can be used to analyze unique or complex topics that are difficult for other methods to measure. The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for investigation and which ones can be omitted. It is also helpful to read the literature to gain a general understanding of the subject and place the case in a larger theoretical context. This case study was based upon an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50] as well as its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment showed that L2 Korean students were highly susceptible to native models. They tended to select wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also had an inclination to add their own text or “garbage,” to their responses, further reducing the quality of their responses. Additionally, the participants in this case study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university and were hoping to achieve level 6 for their next test. They were required to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC and pragmatic awareness and comprehension. Interviewees were presented with two scenarios which involved interactions with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand. The interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personalities. TS for instance said she was difficult to get along with and would not inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.